aahh.... are people really using this carrd now?
it honestly needs an update...
i'll hope to have it done by the end of july.
discord: @cybercrushedsource: DSM-5-TR

you picked... neurodevelopmental disorders!

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Diagnostic Criteria
A. Deficits in intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing.
B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.
C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.Associated Features
There may be associated difficulties with social judgment; assessment of risk; self-management of behavior, emotions, or interpersonal relationships; or motivation in school or work environments. Because of a lack of awareness of risk and danger, accidental injury rates may be increased. Gullibility is often a feature, involving naiveté in social situations and a tendency for being
easily led by others. Gullibility and lack of awareness of risk may result in exploitation by others and possible victimization, fraud, unintentional criminal involvement, false confessions, and risk for abuse.Differential Diagnoses
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder, Social Communication DisorderComorbid Disorders
Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and other mental and medical conditions are frequent in intellectual developmental disorder, with rates of some conditions (e.g., mental disorders, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy) three to four times higher than in the general population. The most common co-occurring neurodevelopmental and other mental disorders are ADHD; depressive and bipolar disorders; anxiety disorders; autism spectrum disorder; stereotypic movement disorder; impulse control disorders; and major neurocognitive disorder. Major depressive disorder may occur throughout the range of severity of intellectual developmental disorder. Self-injurious behavior requires prompt diagnostic attention and may warrant a separate diagnosis of stereotypic movement disorder.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by all of the following:
::::::::::::::1. Deficits in using communication for social purposes, such as greeting and sharing information, in a manner that is appropriate for the social context.
::::::::::::::2. Impairment of the ability to change communication to match context or the needs of the listener, such as speaking differently in a classroom than on a playground,
talking differently to a child than to an adult, and avoiding use of overly formal language.
::::::::::::::3. Difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling, such as taking turns in conversation, rephrasing when misunderstood, and knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal signals to regulate interaction.
::::::::::::::4. Difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated (e.g., making inferences) and nonliteral or ambiguous meanings of language (e.g., idioms, humor, metaphors, multiple meanings that depend on the context for interpretation).
B. The deficits result in functional limitations in effective communication, social participation, social relationships, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or in combination.
C. The onset of the symptoms is in the early developmental period (but deficits may not become fully manifest until social communication demands exceed limited capacities).
D. The symptoms are not attributable to another medical or neurological condition or to low abilities in the domains of word structure and grammar, and are not better explained by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability), global developmental delay, or another mental disorder.Associated Features
The most common associated feature of social (pragmatic) communication disorder is language impairment, which is characterized by a history of delay in reaching language milestones, and historical, if not current, structural language problems. Individuals with social communication deficits may avoid social interactions.Differential Diagnoses
Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Social Anxiety DisorderComorbid Disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional and behavioral problems, and specific learning disorders are also more common among affected individuals.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by all of the following, currently or by history:
::::::::::::::1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging, for example, from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
::::::::::::::2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging, for example, from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication.
::::::::::::::3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships, ranging, for example, from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers.
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history:
::::::::::::::1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., simple motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases).
::::::::::::::2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior (e.g., extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to take same route or eat same food every day).
::::::::::::::3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g., strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests).
::::::::::::::4. Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment (e.g., apparent indifference to pain/temperature, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual fascination with lights or movement).
C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities, or may be masked by learned strategies in later life).
D. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
E. These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability).Associated Features
Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder also have intellectual and/or language impairment. Even those with average or high intelligence usually have an uneven profile of abilities. The gap between intellectual and adaptive functional skills is often large. It is common for individuals with autism to have theory-of-mind deficits (i.e., to have difficulty seeing the world from another person’s perspective), but these are not necessarily present in all cases. Executive function deficits are also common but not specific, as are difficulties with central coherence (i.e., being able to
understand context or to “see the big picture,” and thus tending to over-focus on detail).Differential Diagnoses
ADHD, Intellectual Disability, Social Communication Disorder, Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Schizoid or Schizotypal personality disorders, symptoms associated with anxiety disordersComorbid Disorders
Autism spectrum disorder is frequently associated with intellectual developmental disorder and language disorder (i.e., an inability to comprehend and construct sentences with proper grammar). Specific learning difficulties (literacy and numeracy) are common, as is developmental coordination disorder.
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Psychiatric comorbidities also co-occur in autism spectrum disorder. About 70% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder may have one comorbid mental disorder, and 40% may have two or more comorbid mental disorders. Anxiety disorders, depression, and ADHD are particularly common. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is a fairly frequent presenting feature of autism spectrum disorder, and extreme and narrow food preferences may persist.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivityimpulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by (1) and/or (2):
::::::::::::::1. Inattention: Six (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities: For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least five symptoms are required.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::a. Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities (e.g., overlooks or misses details, work is inaccurate).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b. Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities (e.g., has difficulty remaining focused during lectures, conversations, or lengthy reading).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly (e.g., mind seems elsewhere, even in the absence of any obvious distraction).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::d. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., starts tasks but quickly loses focus and is easily sidetracked).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::e. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (e.g., difficulty managing sequential tasks; difficulty keeping materials and belongings in order; messy, disorganized work; has poor time management; fails to meet deadlines).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::f. Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (e.g., schoolwork or homework; for older adolescents and adults, preparing reports, completing forms, reviewing lengthy papers).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::g. Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::h. Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli (for older adolescents and adults, may include unrelated thoughts).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i. Is often forgetful in daily activities (e.g., doing chores, running errands; for older adolescents and adults, returning calls, paying bills, keeping appointments).
::::::::::::::2. Hyperactivity and impulsivity: Six (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities: For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), at least five symptoms are required.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::a. Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected (e.g., leaves their place in the classroom, in the office or other workplace, or in other situations that require remaining in place).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::c. Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate. In adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::d. Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::e. Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor” (e.g., is unable to be or uncomfortable being still for extended time, as in restaurants, meetings; may be experienced by others as being restless or hard to keep up with).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::f. Often talks excessively.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::g. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed (e.g., completes people’s sentences; cannot wait for turn in conversation).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::h. Often has difficulty waiting their turn (e.g., while waiting in line).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i. Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations, games, or activities; may start using other people’s things without asking or receiving permission; for adolescents and adults, may intrude into or take over what others are doing).
B. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years.
C. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
D. There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
E. The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder.Associated Features
Delays in language, motor, or social development are not specific to ADHD but often co-occur. Emotional dysregulation or emotional impulsivity commonly occurs in children and adults with ADHD. Individuals with ADHD self-report and are described by others as being quick to anger, easily frustrated, and overreactive emotionally.
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Even in the absence of a specific learning disorder, academic or work performance is often impaired. Individuals with ADHD may exhibit neurocognitive deficits in a variety of areas, including working memory, set shifting, reaction time variability, response inhibition, vigilance, and
planning/organization, although these tests are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to serve as diagnostic indices.Differential Diagnoses
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, Personality DisordersComorbid Disorders
Oppositional defiant disorder co-occurs with ADHD in approximately half of children with the combined presentation and about a quarter with the predominantly inattentive presentation. Conduct disorder co-occurs in about a quarter of children or adolescents with the combined
presentation, depending on age and setting. Most children and adolescents with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder have symptoms that also meet criteria for ADHD; a lesser percentage of children with ADHD have symptoms that meet criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
Anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and intermittent explosive disorder occur in a minority of individuals with ADHD but more often than in the general population. Although substance use disorders are relatively more frequent among adults with ADHD in the general population, the disorders are present in only a minority of adults with ADHD. In adults, antisocial and other personality disorders may co-occur with ADHD.
ADHD may co-occur in variable symptom profiles with other neurodevelopmental disorders, including specific learning disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, language disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and tic disorders.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Difficulties learning and using academic skills, as indicated by the presence of at least one of the following symptoms that have persisted for at least 6 months, despite the provision of interventions that target those difficulties:
::::::::::::::1. Inaccurate or slow and effortful word reading (e.g., reads single words aloud incorrectly or slowly and hesitantly, frequently guesses words, has difficulty sounding out words).
::::::::::::::2. Difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read (e.g., may read text accurately but not understand the sequence, relationships, inferences, or deeper meanings of what is read).
::::::::::::::3. Difficulties with spelling (e.g., may add, omit, or substitute vowels or consonants).
::::::::::::::4. Difficulties with written expression (e.g., makes multiple grammatical or punctuation errors within sentences; employs poor paragraph organization; written expression of ideas lacks clarity).
::::::::::::::5. Difficulties mastering number sense, number facts, or calculation (e.g., has poor understanding of numbers, their magnitude, and relationships; counts on fingers to add single-digit numbers instead of recalling the math fact as peers do; gets lost in the midst of arithmetic computation and may switch procedures).
::::::::::::::6. Difficulties with mathematical reasoning (e.g., has severe difficulty applying mathematical concepts, facts, or procedures to solve quantitative problems).
B. The affected academic skills are substantially and quantifiably below those expected for the individual’s chronological age, and cause significant interference with academic or occupational performance, or with activities of daily living, as confirmed by individually administered standardized achievement measures and comprehensive clinical assessment. For individuals age 17 years and older, a documented history of impairing learning difficulties may be substituted for the standardized assessment.
C. The learning difficulties begin during school-age years but may not become fully manifest until the demands for those affected academic skills exceed the individual’s limited capacities (e.g., as in timed tests, reading or writing lengthy complex reports for a tight deadline, excessively heavy academic loads).
D. The learning difficulties are not better accounted for by intellectual disabilities, uncorrected visual or auditory acuity, other mental or neurological disorders, psychosocial adversity, lack of proficiency in the language of academic instruction, or inadequate educational instruction.Associated Features
The symptoms of specific learning disorder (difficulty with aspects of reading, writing, or mathematics) frequently co-occur. An uneven profile of abilities is common, such as a combination of above-average abilities in drawing, design, and other visuospatial abilities, and slow, effortful, and inaccurate reading and poor reading comprehension and written expression. Specific learning disorder is frequently but not invariably preceded, in preschool years, by delays in attention, language, or motor skills that may persist and co-occur with specific learning disorder.Differential Diagnoses
Intellectual Disability, ADHDComorbid Disorders
The different types of specific learning disorder commonly co-occur with one another (e.g., specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics and with impairment in reading) and with other
neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., ADHD, communication disorders, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder) or other mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depressive disorders) or behavioral problems.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior (e.g., hand shaking or waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body).
B. The repetitive motor behavior interferes with social, academic, or other activities and may result in self-injury.
C. Onset is in the early developmental period.
D. The repetitive motor behavior is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or neurological condition and is not better explained by another neurodevelopmental or mental disorder.Associated Features
Stereotypic movements may occur many times during a day, lasting a few seconds to several minutes or longer. Frequency can vary from many occurrences in a single day to several weeks elapsing between episodes. The behaviors vary in context, occurring when the individual is engrossed in other activities, when excited, stressed, fatigued, or bored. Criterion A requires that the movements be “apparently” purposeless. However, some functions may be served by the movements. For example, stereotypic movements might reduce anxiety in response to external stressors.Differential Diagnoses
Autism Spectrum Disorder, OCD, Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Functional Stereotypies)Comorbid Disorders
Common comorbidities in children with chronic motor stereotypies include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, motor coordination problems, tics/Tourette’s disorder, and anxiety.←

Diagnostic Criteria for Tourette's Disorder
A. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently.
B. The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.
C. Onset is before age 18 years.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
A. Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.
B. The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.
C. Onset is before age 18 years.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
E. Criteria have never been met for Tourette’s disorder.Diagnostic Criteria for Provisional Tic Disorder
A. Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics.
B. The tics have been present for less than 1 year since first tic onset.
C. Onset is before age 18 years.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
E. Criteria have never been met for Tourette’s disorder or persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder.Other Specified Tic Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a tic disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for a tic disorder or any of the disorders in the neurodevelopmental disorders diagnostic class. The other specified tic disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for a tic disorder or any specific neurodevelopmental disorder. This is done by recording “other specified tic disorder” followed by the specific reason (e.g., “with onset after age 18 years”).Associated Features
Tics are typically sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations. Some motor tics can be slower twisting or tightening movements that occur over varying lengths of time. An individual may exhibit various tics over time, but, at any point in time, the tic repertoire may recur in a characteristic fashion. Although tics can include almost any muscle group or vocalization, certain tics, such as eye blinking or throat clearing, are common across patient populations. There is often a localized uncomfortable sensation (premonitory sensation) prior to a tic, and most individuals report an “urge” to tic. Consequently, tics are generally experienced as involuntary, but some tics can be voluntarily suppressed for varying lengths of time.
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Explicit discussion of tics can serve as a trigger. Likewise, observing a gesture or sound in another person may result in an individual with a tic disorder making a similar gesture or sound, which may be incorrectly perceived by others as purposeful. This can be particularly problematic when the individual is interacting with authority figures who do not have an adequate understanding of tic disorders.
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Tics are classically categorized as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics are characterized by the limited involvement of specific muscle groups, often are of short duration, and can include eye blinks, facial grimaces, shoulder shrugs, or extension of the extremities. Simple vocal tics include throat clearing, sniffs, chirps, barks, or grunting often caused by contraction of the diaphragm or muscles of the oropharynx. Complex motor tics are of longer duration and often include a combination of simple tics such as simultaneous head turning and shoulder shrugging. Complex tics can appear purposeful, such as head gestures or torso movements. They can also include imitations of someone else’s movements (echopraxia) or sexual or taboo gestures (copropraxia). Similarly, complex vocal tics have linguistic meaning (words or partial words) and can include repeating one’s own sounds or words (palilalia), repeating the last-heard word or phrase (echolalia), or uttering socially unacceptable words, including obscenities, or ethnic, racial, or religious slurs (coprolalia). Importantly, coprolalia is an abrupt, sharp bark or grunt utterance and lacks the prosody of similar inappropriate speech observed in human interactions.Differential Diagnoses
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Functional Tic Disorder), MyoclonusComorbid Disorders
Many medical and psychiatric conditions have been described as cooccurring with tic disorders, and ADHD, disruptive behavior, and OCD and related disorders are particularly common. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms observed in tic disorders tend to have an earlier age at onset and often are characterized by a need for symmetry and exactness and/or forbidden or taboo thoughts. Individuals with tic disorders can also have other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and specific learning disorder. Teenagers and adults with a tic disorder are at increased risk for developing a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder.←

you picked... schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders!

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Diagnostic Criteria
A. The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer.
B. Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. Hallucinations, if present, are not prominent and are related to the delusional theme.
C. Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd.
D. If manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been brief relative to the duration of the delusional periods.
E. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.Specifiers
Erotomanic type: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion is that another person is in love with the individual.
Grandiose type: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion is the conviction of having some great (but unrecognized) talent or insight or having made some important discovery.
Jealous type: This subtype applies when the central theme of the individual’s delusion is that his or her spouse or lover is unfaithful.
Persecutory type: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion involves the individual’s belief that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned or drugged, maliciously maligned, harassed, or obstructed in the pursuit of long-term goals.
Somatic type: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion involves bodily functions or sensations.
Mixed type: This subtype applies when no one delusional theme predominates.
Unspecified type: This subtype applies when the dominant delusional belief cannot be clearly determined or is not described in the specific types (e.g., referential delusions without a prominent persecutory or grandiose component).Associated Features
Social, marital, or work problems can result from the delusional beliefs of delusional disorder. Individuals with delusional disorder may be able to factually describe that others view their beliefs as irrational but are unable to accept this themselves (i.e., there may be “factual insight” but no true insight). Many individuals develop irritable or dysphoric mood, which can sometimes be understood as a reaction to their delusional beliefs. Anger and violent behavior can occur with persecutory, jealous, and erotomanic types. The individual may engage in litigious or antagonistic behavior (e.g.,
sending hundreds of letters of protest to the government).Differential Diagnoses
OCD, Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
::::::::::::::1. Delusions.
::::::::::::::2. Hallucinations.
::::::::::::::3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
::::::::::::::4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
B. Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning.
C. The disturbance is not better explained by major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features or another psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia or catatonia, and is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.Associated Features
Individuals with brief psychotic disorder typically experience emotional turmoil or overwhelming confusion. They may have rapid shifts from one intense affect to another. Although the disturbance is brief, the level of impairment may be severe, and supervision may be required to ensure that
nutritional and hygienic needs are met and that the individual is protected from the consequences of poor judgment, cognitive impairment, or acting on the basis of delusions.Differential Diagnoses
Other psychotic disorders, Personality Disorders←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
::::::::::::::1. Delusions.
::::::::::::::2. Hallucinations.
::::::::::::::3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
::::::::::::::4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
::::::::::::::5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition).
B. An episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
C. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.Associated Features
The duration requirement for schizophreniform disorder is intermediate between that for brief psychotic disorder, which lasts more than 1 day and remits by 1 month, and schizophrenia, which lasts for at least 6 months. If the disturbance persists beyond 6 months, the diagnosis should be changed to schizophrenia.
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A distinguishing feature of schizophreniform disorder is the lack of a criterion requiring impaired social and occupational functioning. While such impairments may potentially be present, they are not necessary for a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
::::::::::::::1. Delusions.
::::::::::::::2. Hallucinations.
::::::::::::::3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
::::::::::::::4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
::::::::::::::5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition).
B. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning).
C. Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms that meet Criterion A (i.e., active-phase symptoms) and may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms. During these prodromal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or by two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A present in an attenuated form (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences).
D. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness.
E. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
F. If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, the additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations, in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month.Associated Features
Prodromal symptoms often precede the active phase, and residual symptoms may follow it, characterized by mild or subthreshold forms of hallucinations or delusions. Individuals may express a variety of unusual or odd beliefs that are not of delusional proportions (e.g., ideas of reference or magical thinking); they may have unusual perceptual experiences (e.g., sensing the presence of an unseen person); their speech may be generally understandable but vague; and their behavior may be unusual but not grossly disorganized (e.g., mumbling in public). Negative symptoms are common in the prodromal and residual phases and can be severe. Individuals who had been socially active may become withdrawn from previous routines. Such behaviors are often the first sign of a disorder.
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Individuals with schizophrenia may display inappropriate affect (e.g., laughing in the absence of an appropriate stimulus); a dysphoric mood that can take the form of depression, anxiety, or anger; a disturbed sleep pattern (e.g., daytime sleeping and nighttime activity); and a lack of interest in
eating or food refusal. Depersonalization, derealization, and somatic concerns may occur and sometimes reach delusional proportions. Anxiety and phobias are common. Some individuals with schizophrenia show social cognition deficits, including deficits in the ability to infer the intentions of other people (theory of mind), and may attend to and then interpret irrelevant events or stimuli as meaningful, perhaps leading to the generation of explanatory delusions. These impairments frequently persist during symptomatic remission.
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Some individuals with psychosis may lack insight or awareness of their disorder (i.e., anosognosia). This lack of “insight” includes unawareness of symptoms of schizophrenia and may be present throughout the entire course of the illness. Unawareness of illness is typically a symptom of schizophrenia itself rather than a coping strategy.Differential Diagnoses
Other psychotic disorders, Schizotypal Personality DisorderComorbid Disorders
Rates of comorbidity with substance-related disorders are high in schizophrenia. Over half of individuals with schizophrenia have tobacco use disorder and smoke cigarettes regularly. Comorbidity with anxiety disorders is increasingly recognized in schizophrenia. Rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder are elevated in individuals with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Schizotypal or paranoid personality disorder may sometimes precede the onset of schizophrenia.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia. The major depressive episode must include depressed mood.
B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness.
C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance or another medical condition.Associated Features
Occupational and social functioning is frequently impaired, but this is not a defining criterion (in contrast to schizophrenia). Restricted social contact and difficulties with self-care are associated with schizoaffective disorder, but negative symptoms may be less severe and less persistent than those seen in schizophrenia. Anosognosia (i.e., poor insight) is also common in schizoaffective disorder, but the deficits in insight may be less severe and pervasive than those in schizophrenia. Individuals with schizoaffective disorder may be at increased risk for later developing episodes of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder if mood symptoms continue following the remission of symptoms meeting Criterion A for schizophrenia. There may be associated alcohol and other substance-related disorders.
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Criterion C for schizoaffective disorder specifies that mood symptoms meeting criteria for a major mood episode must be present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portion of the illness. Criterion C requires the assessment of mood symptoms for the entire lifetime course of a psychotic illness. If the mood symptoms are present for only a relatively brief period, the diagnosis is schizophrenia, not schizoaffective disorder. To separate schizoaffective disorder from a depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, delusions or hallucinations must be present for at least 2 weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) at some point during the lifetime duration of the illness.Differential Diagnoses
Schizophrenia, Bipolar I, Depressive DisordersComorbid Disorders
Many individuals diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder are also diagnosed with other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders and anxiety disorders. Similarly, the incidence of medical conditions, including metabolic syndrome, is increased above base rate for the general
population and leads to decreased life expectancy.←

Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in
social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders diagnostic class. The other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
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Examples of presentations that can be specified using the “other specified” designation include:
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1. Persistent auditory hallucinations occurring in the absence of any other features.
2. Delusions with significant overlapping mood episodes: This includes persistent delusions with periods of overlapping mood episodes that are present for a substantial portion of the delusional disturbance (such that the criterion stipulating only brief mood disturbance in delusional disorder is not met).
3. Attenuated psychosis syndrome: This syndrome is characterized by psychotic-like symptoms that are below a threshold for full psychosis (e.g., the symptoms are less severe and more transient, and insight is relatively maintained).
4. Delusional symptoms in the context of relationship with an individual with prominent delusions: In the context of a relationship, the delusional material from the individual with a
psychotic disorder provides content for the same delusions held by the other person who may not otherwise have symptoms that meet criteria for a psychotic disorder.←

you picked... bipolar disorders!

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At least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.:::::::Manic Episode Criteria
A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).
B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior:
::::::::::::::1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
::::::::::::::2. Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep).
::::::::::::::3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
::::::::::::::4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing.
::::::::::::::5. Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed.
::::::::::::::6. Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e., purposeless non-goal-directed activity).
::::::::::::::7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments).
C. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.
D. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.:::::::Bipolar I Diagnostic Criteria
A. Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode.
B. At least one manic episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder and is not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.:::::::Bipolar I Specifiers
With anxious distress: The presence of at least two of the following symptoms during the majority of days of the current episode in bipolar I disorder:
1. Feeling keyed up or tense.
2. Feeling unusually restless.
3. Difficulty concentrating because of worry.
4. Fear that something awful may happen.
5. Feeling that the individual might lose control of themself.With mixed features:
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Manic or hypomanic episode, with mixed features:
A. Full criteria are met for a manic episode or hypomanic episode, and at least three of the following symptoms are present during the majority of days of the current or most recent episode of mania or hypomania:
::::::::::::::1. Prominent dysphoria or depressed mood.
::::::::::::::2. Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.
::::::::::::::3. Psychomotor slowness nearly every day (observable by others; not merely subjective feelings of being slowed down).
::::::::::::::4. Fatigue or loss of energy.
::::::::::::::5. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
::::::::::::::6. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
B. Mixed symptoms are observable by others and represent a change from the person’s usual behavior.
C. For individuals whose symptoms meet full episode criteria for both mania and depression simultaneously, the diagnosis should be manic episode, with mixed features, due to the marked impairment and clinical severity of full mania.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Depressive episode, with mixed features:
A. Full criteria are met for a major depressive episode, and at least three of the following manic/hypomanic symptoms are present during the majority of days of the current or most recent episode of depression:
::::::::::::::1. Elevated, expansive mood.
::::::::::::::2. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
::::::::::::::3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
::::::::::::::4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing.
::::::::::::::5. Increase in energy or goal-directed activity.
::::::::::::::6. Increased or excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences.
::::::::::::::7. Decreased need for sleep.
B. Mixed symptoms are observable by others and represent a change from the person’s usual behavior.
C. For individuals whose symptoms meet full episode criteria for both mania and depression simultaneously, the diagnosis should be manic episode, with mixed features.With rapid cycling: Presence of at least four mood episodes in the previous 12 months that meet the criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode in bipolar I disorder.With melancholic features:
A. One of the following is present during the most severe period of the current or most recent major depressive episode:
::::::::::::::1. Loss of pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.
::::::::::::::2. Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli.
B. Three (or more) of the following:
::::::::::::::1. A distinct quality of depressed mood characterized by profound despondency, despair, and/or moroseness or by so-called empty mood.
::::::::::::::2. Depression that is regularly worse in the morning.
::::::::::::::3. Early-morning awakening (i.e., at least 2 hours before usual awakening).
::::::::::::::4. Marked psychomotor abnormalities.
::::::::::::::5. Significant anorexia or weight loss.
::::::::::::::6. Excessive or inappropriate guilt.With atypical features: This specifier is applied when these features predominate during the majority of days of the current major depressive episode.
A. Mood reactivity (i.e., mood brightens in response to actual or potential positive events).
B. Two (or more) of the following:
::::::::::::::1. Significant weight gain or increase in appetite.
::::::::::::::2. Hypersomnia.
::::::::::::::3. Leaden paralysis (i.e., heavy, leaden feelings in arms or legs).
::::::::::::::4. A long-standing pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity (not limited to episodes of mood disturbance) that results in significant social or occupational impairment.
C. Criteria are not met for “with melancholic features” or “with catatonia” during the same episode.With psychotic features: **
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::With mood-congruent psychotic features:**
The content of all delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical manic themes of grandiosity, invulnerability, etc., but may also include themes of suspiciousness or paranoia, especially with respect to others’ doubts about the individual’s capacities, accomplishments, and so forth.
OR
The content of all delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::With mood-incongruent psychotic features:
The content of the delusions and hallucinations does not involve typical manic themes as described above, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes.
OR
The content of the delusions and hallucinations does not involve typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes.With seasonal pattern: This specifier applies to the lifetime pattern of mood episodes. The essential feature is a regular seasonal pattern of at least one type of episode (i.e., mania, hypomania, or depression). The other types of episodes may not follow this pattern. For example, an individual may have seasonal manias but have depressions that do not regularly occur at a specific time of year.
A. There has been a regular temporal relationship between the onset of manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episodes and a particular time of the year (e.g., in the fall or winter) in bipolar I.
B. Full remissions (or a change from major depression to mania or hypomania or vice versa) also occur at a characteristic time of the year (e.g., depression disappears in the spring).
C. In the last 2 years, the individual’s manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episodes have demonstrated a temporal seasonal relationship, as defined above, and no non-seasonal episodes of that polarity have occurred during that 2-year period.
D. Seasonal manias, hypomanias, or depressions (as described above) substantially outnumber any
non-seasonal manias, hypomanias, or depressions that may have occurred over the individual’s lifetime.:::::::Associated Features
Bipolar I disorder is characterized by a clinical course of recurring mood episodes (manic, depressive, and hypomanic), but the occurrence of at least one manic episode is necessary for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. Rapid shifts in mood over brief periods of time may occur and are referred to as lability (i.e., the alternation among euphoria, dysphoria, and irritability).:::::::Differential Diagnoses
Major Depressive Disorder, Other bipolar disorders, Schizoaffective Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder:::::::Comorbid Disorders
Co-occurring mental disorders are the norm in bipolar I disorder, with the majority of individuals having a history of three or more disorders. The most frequently comorbid disorders are anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, other substance use disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. Bipolar I disorder is frequently associated with borderline, schizotypal, and antisocial personality disorder. In particular, although the underlying nature of the relationship between bipolar I disorder and borderline personality disorder is unclear, the substantial comorbidity between the two may reflect similarities in phenomenology (i.e., misdiagnosing the emotional extremes of borderline personality disorder as bipolar I disorder), the influence of borderline personality features on vulnerability to bipolar I disorder, and the impact of early childhood adversity on the development of both bipolar I and borderline personality disorder.←

For a diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, it is necessary to meet the following criteria for a current or past hypomanic episode and the following criteria for a current or past major depressive episode.:::::::Hypomanic Episode Criteria
A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.
B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy and activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) have persisted, represent a noticeable change from usual behavior, and have been present to a significant degree:
::::::::::::::1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
::::::::::::::2. Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep).
::::::::::::::3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
::::::::::::::4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing.
::::::::::::::5. Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed.
::::::::::::::6. Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation.
::::::::::::::7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments).
C. The episode is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic.
D. The disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others.
E. The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization. If there are psychotic features, the episode is, by definition, manic.
F. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.:::::::Major Depressive Episode Criteria
A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
::::::::::::::1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, or hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
::::::::::::::2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation).
::::::::::::::3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
::::::::::::::4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
::::::::::::::5. Psychomotor disturbances nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
::::::::::::::6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
::::::::::::::7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
::::::::::::::8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
::::::::::::::9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.:::::::Bipolar II Diagnostic Criteria
A. Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.
B. There has never been a manic episode.
C. At least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode are not better explained by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
D. The symptoms of depression or the unpredictability caused by frequent alternation between periods of depression and hypomania causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.:::::::Associated Features
A hypomanic episode should not be confused with the several days of euthymia and restored energy or activity that may follow remission of a major depressive episode. Despite the substantial differences in duration and severity between a manic and hypomanic episode, bipolar II disorder is
not a “milder form” of bipolar I disorder. Compared to individuals with bipolar I disorder, individuals with bipolar II disorder have greater chronicity of illness and spend, on average, more time in the depressive phase of their illness, which can be severe and/or disabling.
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There may be heightened levels of creativity during hypomanic episodes in some individuals with a bipolar II disorder. However, that relationship may be nonlinear; that is, greater lifetime creative accomplishments have been associated with milder forms of bipolar disorder, and higher creativity has been found in unaffected family members. The individual’s attachment to the prospect of heightened creativity during hypomanic episodes may contribute to ambivalence about seeking treatment or undermine adherence to treatment.:::::::Differential Diagnoses
Major Depressive Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, ADHD, Borderline Personality Disorder:::::::Comorbid Disorders
Bipolar II disorder is more often than not associated with one or more co-occurring mental disorders, with anxiety disorders being the most common. Approximately 60% of individuals with bipolar II disorder have three or more co-occurring mental disorders; 75% have an anxiety disorder, most commonly social anxiety (38%), specific phobia (36%), and generalized anxiety (30%). Lifetime prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder does not differ between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders but is associated with a worse course of illness. Children and adolescents with bipolar II disorder
have a higher rate of co-occurring anxiety disorders compared to those with bipolar I disorder, and the anxiety disorder most often predates the bipolar disorder.
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Individuals with bipolar II disorder appear to have lower rates of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder compared to individuals with bipolar I disorder. Approximately 14% of individuals with bipolar II disorder have at least one lifetime eating disorder, with binge-eating disorder being more
common than bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in adolescents) there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.
B. During the above 2-year period (1 year in adolescents), Criterion A symptoms have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
C. Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met.
D. The symptoms in Criterion A are not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
E. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
F. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.Associated Features
The essential feature of cyclothymic disorder is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms (Criterion A). The hypomanic symptoms are of insufficient number, severity, pervasiveness, and/or duration to meet full criteria for a hypomanic episode, and the depressive symptoms are of insufficient number, severity, pervasiveness, and/or duration to meet full criteria for a major depressive episode.
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If an individual with cyclothymic disorder subsequently experiences a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode, the diagnosis changes to major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, or other specified bipolar and related disorder, respectively, and the
cyclothymic disorder diagnosis is dropped.Differential Diagnoses
Bipolar I/II with rapid cycling, Borderline Personality DisorderComorbid Disorders
Substance-related disorders and sleep disorders (i.e., difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep) may be present in individuals with cyclothymic disorder.←

Other Specified Bipolar Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a bipolar and related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational,
or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the bipolar and related disorders diagnostic class. The other specified bipolar and related disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific bipolar
and related disorder.
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Examples of presentations that can be specified using the “other specified” designation include:
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1. Short-duration hypomanic episodes (2–3 days) and major depressive episodes: A lifetime history of one or more major depressive episodes in individuals whose presentation has never met full criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode but who have experienced two or more episodes of short-duration hypomania that meet the full symptomatic criteria for a hypomanic episode but that only last for 2–3 days. The episodes of hypomanic symptoms do not overlap in time with
the major depressive episodes, so the disturbance does not meet criteria for major depressive episode, with mixed features.
2. Hypomanic episodes with insufficient symptoms and major depressive episodes: A lifetime history of one or more major depressive episodes in individuals whose presentation has never met full criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode but who have experienced one or more episodes of hypomania that do not meet full symptomatic criteria. The episodes of hypomanic symptoms
do not overlap in time with the major depressive episodes, so the disturbance does not meet criteria for major depressive episode, with mixed features.
3. Hypomanic episode without prior major depressive episode: One or more hypomanic episodes in an individual whose presentation has never met full criteria for a major depressive episode or a manic episode.
4. Short-duration cyclothymia (less than 24 months): Multiple episodes of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and multiple episodes of depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode that persist over a period of less than 24
months (less than 12 months for adolescents) in an individual whose presentation has never met full criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode and does not meet criteria for any psychotic disorder. During the course of the disorder, the hypomanic or depressive symptoms are
present for more days than not, the individual has not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time, and the symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment.
5. Manic episode superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.←

you picked... depressive disorders!

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Diagnostic Criteria
A. Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally (e.g., verbal rages) and/or behaviorally (e.g., physical aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation.
B. The temper outbursts are inconsistent with developmental level.
C. The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times per week.
D. The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day, and is observable by others.
E. Criteria A–D have been present for 12 or more months. Throughout that time, the individual has not had a period lasting 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms in Criteria A–D.
F. Criteria A and D are present in at least two of three settings and are severe in at least one of these.
G. The diagnosis should not be made for the first time before age 6 years or after age 18 years.
H. By history or observation, the age at onset of Criteria A–E is before 10 years.
I. There has never been a distinct period lasting more than 1 day during which the full symptom criteria, except duration, for a manic or hypomanic episode have been met.
J. The behaviors do not occur exclusively during an episode of major depressive disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder.
K. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical or neurological condition.Associated Features
This diagnosis cannot coexist with oppositional defiant disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, or bipolar disorder, though it can coexist with others, including major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorders. Individuals whose
symptoms meet criteria for both disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and oppositional defiant disorder should only be given the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. If an individual has ever experienced a manic or hypomanic episode, the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder should not be assigned.Differential Diagnoses
Bipolar Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Autism Spectrum DisorderComorbid Disorders
Rates of comorbidity in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder are extremely high. It is rare to find individuals whose symptoms meet criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder alone. Comorbidity between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and other DSM-defined syndromes
appears higher than for many other pediatric mental illnesses; the strongest overlap is with oppositional defiant disorder. Not only is the overall rate of comorbidity high in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, but also the range of comorbid illnesses appears particularly diverse. These children typically present to the clinic with a wide range of disruptive behavior, mood, anxiety, and even autism spectrum symptoms and diagnoses. However, children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder should not have symptoms that meet criteria for bipolar disorder, as in that context, only the bipolar disorder diagnosis should be made.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
::::::::::::::1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, or hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
::::::::::::::2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation).
::::::::::::::3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
::::::::::::::4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
::::::::::::::5. Psychomotor disturbances nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
::::::::::::::6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
::::::::::::::7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
::::::::::::::8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
::::::::::::::9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
D. At least one major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder and is not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
E. There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode.Associated Features
Major depressive disorder is defined by the presence of at least one major depressive episode occurring in the absence of a history of manic or hypomanic episodes. To count toward a diagnosis of a major depressive episode, a symptom must either be newly present or have clearly worsened compared with the individual’s pre-episode status.
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The course of major depressive disorder is quite variable, such that some individuals rarely, if ever, experience remission (a period of 2 or more months with no symptoms, or only one or two symptoms to no more than a mild degree), while others experience many years with few or no symptoms between discrete episodes.
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Individuals frequently present with tearfulness, irritability, brooding, obsessive rumination, anxiety, phobias, excessive worry over physical health, and complaints of pain. Many of the functional consequences of major depressive disorder derive from individual symptoms. Impairment can be very mild, such that many of those who interact with the affected individual are unaware of depressive symptoms. Impairment may, however, range to complete incapacity such that the depressed individual is unable to attend to basic self-care needs or is mute or catatonic.Differential Diagnoses
Manic Episodes with irritable mood or with mixed features, Bipolar Disorders, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, BereavementComorbid Disorders
Other disorders with which major depressive disorder frequently co-occurs are substance-related disorders, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and borderline personality disorder.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.
B. Presence, while depressed, of two (or more) of the following:
::::::::::::::1. Poor appetite or overeating.
::::::::::::::2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
::::::::::::::3. Low energy or fatigue.
::::::::::::::4. Low self-esteem.
::::::::::::::5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
::::::::::::::6. Feelings of hopelessness.
C. During the 2-year period (1 year for children or adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never been without the symptoms in Criteria A and B for more than 2 months at a time.
D. Criteria for a major depressive disorder may be continuously present for 2 years.
E. There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode.
F. The disturbance is not better explained by a persistent schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.
G. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
H. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.Associated Features
Major depression may precede persistent depressive disorder, and major depressive episodes may occur during persistent depressive disorder. Individuals whose symptoms meet major depressive disorder criteria for 2 years should be given a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder as well as major depressive disorder.
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Individuals with persistent depressive disorder describe their mood as sad or “down in the dumps.” During periods of depressed mood, at least two of the six symptoms from Criterion B are present. Because these symptoms have become a part of the individual’s day-to-day experience, particularly in the case of early onset (e.g., “I’ve always been this way”), they may not be reported unless the individual is directly prompted.Differential Diagnoses
Major Depressive Disorder, Other Specified Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I or II, Cyclothymic DisorderComorbid Disorders
In comparison to individuals with major depressive disorder, those with persistent depressive disorder are at higher risk for psychiatric comorbidity in general, and for anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders in particular. Early-onset persistent depressive
disorder is strongly associated with Cluster B and C personality disorders.←

Diagnostic Criteria
A. In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week post-menses.
B. One (or more) of the following symptoms must be present:
::::::::::::::1. Marked affective lability (e.g., mood swings; feeling suddenly sad or tearful, or increased sensitivity to rejection).
::::::::::::::2. Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts.
::::::::::::::3. Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts.
::::::::::::::4. Marked anxiety, tension, and/or feelings of being keyed up or on edge.
C. One (or more) of the following symptoms must additionally be present, to reach a total of five symptoms when combined with symptoms from Criterion B above.
::::::::::::::1. Decreased interest in usual activities.
::::::::::::::2. Subjective difficulty in concentration.
::::::::::::::3. Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy.
::::::::::::::4. Marked change in appetite; overeating; or specific food cravings.
::::::::::::::5. Hypersomnia or insomnia.
::::::::::::::6. A sense of being overwhelmed or out of control.
::::::::::::::7. Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of “bloating,” or weight gain.
D. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or interference with work, school, usual social activities, or relationships with others (e.g., avoidance of social activities; decreased productivity and efficiency at work, school, or home).
E. The disturbance is not merely an exacerbation of the symptoms of another disorder, such as major depressive disorder, panic disorder, persistent depressive disorder, or a personality disorder (although it may co-occur with any of these disorders).
F. Criterion A should be confirmed by prospective daily ratings during at least two symptomatic cycles.
G. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.Associated Features
The essential features of premenstrual dysphoric disorder are the expression of mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the premenstrual phase of the cycle and remit around the onset of menses or shortly thereafter. These symptoms may be accompanied by behavioral and physical symptoms. Symptoms must have occurred in most of the menstrual cycles during the past year and must have an adverse effect on work or social functioning. Typically, symptoms peak around the time of the onset of menses. Although it is not uncommon for symptoms to linger into the first few days of menses, the individual must have a symptom-free period in the follicular phase after the menstrual period begins.
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Delusions and hallucinations have been described in the late luteal phase of
the menstrual cycle but are rare.Differential Diagnoses
Premenstrual Syndrome, Dysmenorrhea, Major or Persistent Depressive DisorderComorbid Disorders
A major depressive episode is the most frequently reported previous disorder in individuals presenting with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A wide range of medical conditions (e.g., migraine, asthma, allergies, seizure disorders) or other mental disorders (e.g., depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, bulimia nervosa, substance use disorders) may worsen in the premenstrual phase; however, the absence of a symptom-free period during the postmenstrual interval obviates a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These conditions are better considered premenstrual exacerbation of a current mental disorder or medical condition. Although the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder should not be assigned in situations in which an individual experiences only a premenstrual exacerbation of another mental or physical disorder, it can be considered in addition to the diagnosis of another mental disorder or medical condition if
the individual experiences symptoms and changes in level of functioning that are characteristic of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and markedly different from the symptoms experienced as part of the ongoing disorder.←

Other Specified Depressive Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the depressive disorders diagnostic class and do not meet criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed mood or adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood. The other specified depressive disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific depressive disorder.
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Examples of presentations that can be specified using the “other specified” designation include:
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1. Recurrent brief depression: Concurrent presence of depressed mood and at least four other symptoms of depression for 2–13 days at least once per month (not associated with the menstrual cycle) for at least 12 consecutive months in an individual whose presentation has never met criteria for any other depressive or bipolar disorder and does not currently meet active or residual criteria for any psychotic disorder.
2. Short-duration depressive episode (4–13 days): Depressed affect and at least four of the other eight symptoms of a major depressive episode associated with clinically significant distress or impairment that persists for more than 4 days, but less than 14 days, in an individual whose presentation has never met criteria for any other depressive or bipolar disorder, does not currently meet active or residual criteria for any psychotic disorder, and does not meet criteria for recurrent brief depression.
3. Depressive episode with insufficient symptoms: Depressed affect and at least one of the other eight symptoms of a major depressive episode associated with clinically significant distress or impairment that persist for at least 2 weeks in an individual whose presentation has never met criteria for any other depressive or bipolar disorder, does not currently meet active or residual criteria for any psychotic disorder, and does not meet criteria for mixed anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms.
4. Major depressive episode superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.←

you picked... anxiety disorders!

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Diagnostic Criteria
A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following:
::::::::::::::1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures.
::::::::::::::2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
::::::::::::::3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure.
::::::::::::::4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation.
::::::::::::::5. Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings.
::::::::::::::6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure.
::::::::::::::7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation.
::::::::::::::8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated.
B. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults.
C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in autism spectrum disorder; delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia; worries about ill health or other harm befalling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder; or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder.Associated Features
When separated from major attachment figures, children and adults with separation anxiety disorder may exhibit social withdrawal, apathy, sadness, or difficulty concentrating on work or play. Depending on their age, individuals may have fears of animals, monsters, the dark, muggers, burglars, kidnappers, car accidents, plane travel, and other situations that are perceived as presenting danger to the family or themselves. Some individuals become homesick and extremely uncomfortable when away from home. Separation anxiety disorder in children may lead to school
refusal, which in turn may lead to academic difficulties and social isolation.
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When extremely upset at the prospect of separation, children may show anger or occasionally aggression toward someone who is forcing separation. When alone, especially in the evening or the dark, young children may report unusual perceptual experiences (e.g., seeing people peering into their room, frightening creatures reaching for them, feeling eyes staring at them). Children with this disorder may be described as demanding, intrusive, and in need of constant attention, and, as adults, may appear dependent and overprotective as parents. Adults with the disorder are likely to text or phone their major attachment figures throughout the day and repeatedly check on their whereabouts.
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Individuals with separation anxiety disorder often limit independent activities away from home or attachment figures. Symptoms in adults are often debilitating and affect multiple areas of their lives. For example, adults with separation anxiety disorder may deliberately reorganize their work schedules and other activities because of their anxieties about possible separations from close attachment figures; they may often express frustration with the limitations on their lives because of their need to maintain proximity to, or at least virtual contact with, their key attachment figures.Differential Diagnoses
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Dependent Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality DisorderComorbid Disorders
In children, separation anxiety disorder is highly comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia. In adults, common comorbidities include specific phobia, PTSD, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
prolonged grief disorder, and personality disorders. Among the personality disorders, dependent, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive (Cluster C) personality disorders may be comorbid with separation anxiety disorder. Depressive and bipolar disorders are also comorbid with separation anxiety disorder in adults.←

you picked... obsessive-compulsive disorders!

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you picked... trauma- and stressor- related disorders!

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you picked... dissociative disorders!

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you picked... somatic symptom and related disorders!

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you picked... feeding and eating disorders!

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you picked... sleep-wake disorders!

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you picked... disruptive, impuslse-control, & cognitive disorders!

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you picked... personality disorders!

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